1st Nine Weeks: Inventing Civilization
Vocabulary:
- Map: a flat drawing of all or part of the Earth's surface
- Globe: round model of the Earth that shows its shape, lands, and directions as they truly relate to one another
- Compass rose: symbol that tells you where the cardinal directions (North,South,East,West) are positioned
- Axis: an imaginary line about which a body rotates
- Key/Legend: explains the symbols, colors, lines on the map
- Scale: a measuring line, often called a scale bar, helps you figure distance on a map. The scale shows the relationship between map measurements and actual distances on the Earth.
- Parallels: divide the globe into units called degrees. Parallels are also known as lines of latitude.
- Northern Hemisphere: everything north of the equator
- Cartographer: person who studies and makes maps
- GPS: Global Positioning System (this system uses radio signals to determine the exact/absolute location of places on Earth)
- Geography: is the study of the Earth and its people
- Continent: is one of 7 very large landmasses on Earth. Earths continents from largest to smallest: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Australia
- Country: geographic territory with a distinct name, flag, population, boundaries, and government.
- Directional arrow: shows the direction or heading of movement
- Equator: an imaginary line that circles the Earth like a belt, dividing it into Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The equator is 0 degrees latitude.
- Geographer: a person who studies geography
- Hemisphere: half of a sphere
- Map projection: Earths curved surface on a flat map
- Ocean: large body of salt water that covers most of the Earth.
- Relative Location: describes where a spot is in relation to the features around it
- Absolute Location: an exact spot on Earth
- Chart: charts present information or data in a visual way
- Graph: way of showing numbers or statistics in a clear, east-to-read way.
- Thematic map: a map that focuses on one particular idea or theme.
- Border: natural or artificial line separating two pieces of land
- City: large settlement with a high population density
- Climate change: gradual changes in all the interconnected weather elements on our planet.
- Coast: edge of land along the sea or other large body of water.
- Exploit: to use or take advantage of for profit.
- Natural resource: a material that humans take from the natural environment to survive, to satisfy their needs, or to trade with others.
- Port: place on a body of water where ships can tie up or dock and load and unload cargo.
- Sea: large part of the ocean enclosed or partly enclosed by land.
- Sea level rise: increase in the average reach of the ocean. The current sea level rise is 1.8 millimeters (.07 inch) per year.
- Sustainability: use of resources in such a manner that they will never be exhausted.
- Transportation: movement of people or goods from one place to another.
- Meridians: also called longitude lines
- Prime meridian: also called the Meridian of Greenwich is 0 (zero) degrees longitude and runs through Greenwich, England.
- Latitude lines: imaginary circles that run east and west around the globe. They are known as parallels
- Longitude lines: also known as meridians, they run from the North Pole to the South Pole.
- Place: describes the characteristics of a location that make it unique, or different.
- Physical feature: landforms, plants, animals, weather patterns
- Region: areas of the Earth's surface that have several common characteristics, such as land, natural resources, or population
- Movement: how and why people, ideas, and goods move from place to place.
- Human Environment Interaction: how people affect their environment or natural surroundings, and how their environment affects them.
- Location: is the position of a place on the Earth's surface.
- Decade: a period of 10 years
- Century: a period of 100 years
- Millennium: a period of 1000 years
- GIS: Geographic Information Systems (computer hardware and software that gather, store, and analyze geographic information and then display it on a screen)
- Five Themes of Geography: location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, regions
- Southern Hemisphere: everything south of the equator
- Eastern Hemisphere: everything east of the Prime Meridian for 180 degrees
- Western Hemisphere: everything west of the Prime Meridian for 180 degrees
- Title: The map title identifies the area shown on the visual. The title can also identify a map's special focus
- Boundary lines: line that separates
- Capitals: the most important city or town of a country or region, usually its seat of government and administrative center
- Types of Geography: physical geography, human geography
- Geographer's tools: maps, GPS, GIS